Arecanut is chiefly responsible for inhibiting the 5α-reductase enzyme. This action blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the major sex hormone in prostatic cells responsible for BPH.

Small Caltrops (Gokshura) is useful in treating genitourinary infections, painful urination, hematuria and helps overcome symptoms associated with BPH

Three-leaved Caper (Varuna) relieves post-prostatectomy atony of bladder and improves overall bladder tone. It exhibits strong anti-inflammatory action that soothes BPH-induced pain.